Earth Sciences Centre 3049

416-978-6940

Charlie Turton and Helianthus annuus.

cturton@rogers.com

Royal Ontario Museum Career

Research Interests

Pollen analysis, vegetation and climate history of North America and the Caribbean (see POLLEN DATA SEARCH in North American Pollen Database).

Projects

Gao C., J.H. McAndrews, X. Wang, J. Menzies, C.L. Turton, B.D. Wood, J. Pei, and C. Kodors. 2012. Glaciation of North America in the James Bay Lowland, Canada 3.5 million years ago. Geology (accepted). {no pdf}

Climate Change

McCarthy, F. and J. McAndrews. 2012. Early Holocene drought in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin caused by hydrologic closure of Georgian Bay. Journal of Paleolimnology 47:411-428. (Full-text-PDF).

McCarthy, F., S. Tiffin, A. Sarvis, J. McAndrews and S. Blasco. 2012. Early Holocene brackish closed basin conditions in Georgian Bay, Ontario, Canada: microfossil (thecamoebian and pollen) evidence. Journal of Paleolimnology 47:429-445. (Full-text-PDF).

Karrow, P.F., A.L. Bloom, J.N. Haas, A. Heiss, J.H. McAndrews, B.B. Miller, A.V. Morgan, and K.L. Seymour. 2009. The Fernbank interglacial site near Ithaca, New York. Quaternary Research 72: 132-142 (Full-text-PDF).

Lewis, C.F.M., S.M. Blasco, C.W. Heil Jr., R.I. Narragansett, J.B. Hubeny, G.R. Brooks, B.E. Medioli, J.P. Coakley, T.E. Croley, D.L. Dettman, T.W.D. Edwards II, K.R. Laird, J.H. McAndrews, F.M.G. McCarthy, T.C. Moore Jr., D.K. Rea, and A.J. Smith. 2008. Holocene Dry Climate Disconnected the Laurentian Great Lakes. Eos 89(52): 540-541. (Full-text-PDF)

Crawford Lake (Ontario): Charlie Turton, Royal Ontario Museum, and I study not only the fossil pollen grains and fungal spores, but the wonderfully preserved fossil rotifers, nematodes and other invertebrates. Prehistoric corn, sunflower, squash and bean pollen were deposited by Canada geese. Calvin Chan studies ostracods. Charlie studies cladocera. SAA Abstract

Publications by topic

Crawford Lake	Archaeology and pollen analysis	Neotropical Pollen Analysis
Interglacial and Glacial Pollen Analysis	Late Glacial Pollen Analysis	Holocene Pollen Analysis
Modern Pollen Rain	Methods in Pollen Analysis	Miscellaneous

Crawford Lake

McAndrews J.H., and C.L. Turton. 2010. Fungal spores record Iroquoian and Canadian agriculture in sediment of Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 19:495-501. (Full-text-PDF)

Ekdahl. E.G., J.L. Teranes, C.A. Wittkop, E.F. Stoermer, E.D. Reavie and J.P. Smol. 2007. Diatom assemblage response to Iroquoian and Euro-Canadian eutrophication of Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada. Journal of Paleolimnology 37:233-246. (Full-text-PDF) Asserts that Iroquoians polluted the lake.

McAndrews, J.H. and C.L. Turton. 2007. Canada geese transported cultigen pollen grains to Crawford Lake from 14^th and 15^th century Iroquoian maize fields. Palynology 31:9-18. (Full-text-PDF) Asserts that geese polluted the lake.

Turton, C.L. and J.H. McAndrews. 2006. Rotifer loricas in second millennium sediment of Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 141:1-6. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. and C.L. Turton. 2005. The goosing of Crawford Lake with prehistoric corn pollen. Canadian Association of Palynologists Newsletter 28(1):5-7. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 2005. Geese fouled Crawford Lake 700 years ago. Newsletter of the Ontario Field Ornithologists 23(2):5. [Iroquian cornfields led to guanotrophy.] (Full-text-PDF)

Ekdahl, E.J., J.L. Teranes, T.P. Guilderson, C.L. Turton, J.H. McAndrews, C.A. Wittkop and E.F. Stoermer. 2004. A prehistorical record of cultural eutrophication from Crawford Lake, Canada. Geology 32:745-748. [Radiocarbon dates add ten percent to varve chronology] (Full-text-PDF)

Cowell, D., P. Karrow and J. McAndrews. 2004. Crawford Lake. Field trip guide for Geological Association of Canada Meeting, St. Catharines, Ontario. [Geology features from the boardwalk etc.; includes pollen diagrams from Crawford Lake and Crawford Bog] (Full-text-PDF)

Yu, Z. 2003. Late Quaternary dynamics of tundra and forest vegetation in the southern Niagara Escarpment, Canada. New Phytologist 157:365-390. (Full-text-PDF)

Turton, C. and J. McAndrews. 2002. Wetland history along the Niagara Escarpment: two swamps near Crawford Lake. Leading Edge 2001: Focus on the Biosphere, Conference Proceedings, 4 pages. [Swamps formed in mid-Holocene from marl ponds.] (Full-text-PDF)

Yu, Z. and U. Eicher. 2001. Three Amphi-Atlantic century-scale cold events during the Bolling-Allerod warm period. Géographie physique et Quaternaire 55:171-179. (Full-text-PDF)

Yu, Z. Ecosystem response to Late Glacial and early Holocene climate oscillations in the Great Lakes region of North America. Quaternary Science Reviews 19:1723-1747. (Full-text-PDF)

Turton, C. A report on archaeo-botanical materials from Iroquoian sites in the Crawford Lake area. In: W. Finlayson (ed.). Iroquoian Peoples of the Land of Rocks and Water A.D. 1000-1650. London Museum of Archaeology. pp. 144-149. (Full-text-PDF)

Turton, C. , M. Brown and W. Finlayson. Purslane use: a cultural practice by Ontario Iroquoians near Crawford Lake A.D. 1000-1650, Evidence from pollen and macrofossil studies of lake sediments in Southern Ontario, Canada. In: W. Finlayson (ed.). Iroquoian Peoples of the Land of Rocks and Water A.D. 1000-1650. London Museum of Archaeology. pp. 115-120. (Full-text-PDF)

Yu, Z. and U. Eicher. 1998. Abrupt climate oscillations during the last deglaciation in Central North America. Science 282:2235-2238. (Full-text-PDF)

Yu, Z., J.H. McAndrews and U. Eicher. 1997. Middle Holocene dry climate caused by change in atmospheric circulation patterns: evidence from lake levels and stable isotopes. Geology 25:251-254. (Full-text -PDF) [Crawford Lake was 4 m lower than today.]

Yu, Z. 1997. Late Quaternary paleoecology of Thuja and Juniperus (Cupressaceae) at Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada: pollen, stomata and macrofossils. Review Paleobotany and Palynology 96:241-254. (Full-text-PDF)

Campbell, I.D. and J.H. McAndrews. 1995. Charcoal evidence for Indian-set fires; a comment on Clark and Royall. The Holocene 5:369-370. (Full-text-PDF) [The Indians did not burn the forest.]

Clark, J.S. and P.D. Royall. 1995. Transformation of a northern hardwood forest by aboriginal (Iroquois) fire: charcoal evidence from Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada. The Holocene 5:1-9. (Full-text-PDF)

Campbell, I.D. and C. Campbell. 1994. The impact of late woodland land use on the forest landscape of Southern Ontario. The Great Lakes Geographer 1(1):21-29. (Full-text-PDF)

Campbell, I.D. and J. H. McAndrews. 1993. Forest disequilibrium caused by rapid Little Ice Age cooling. Nature 366:336-388. (Full-text -PDF) [Computer modeling shows that climatic cooling was sufficient to cause forest succession.]

Campbell, I.D. and C. Campbell. 1993. Pre-European horticultural impact on the forest landscape and forest succession of Southern Ontario, Canada. Arch Notes 93(4):12-17. (Full-text-PDF) [Iroquoian settlements disturbed less than 5% of Southern Ontario.]

McAndrews, J.H. and M. Boyko-Diakonow. 1989. Pollen analysis of varved sediment at Crawford Lake, Ontario: evidence of Indian and European farming. Quaternary Geology of Canada and Greenland. Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of Canada, No. 1, pp. 528-530. (Full-text-PDF) [Pollen diagram published in five textbooks.]

McAndrews, J.H. 1988. Human disturbance of North American forests and grasslands: the fossil pollen record. In: B. Huntley and T. Webb III (Eds.). Vegetation History volume of Handbook of Vegetation Science series. Kluwer, Utrecht. pp. 673-697. (Full-text-PDF)

Boyko-Diakonow, M. 1979. The laminated sediments of Crawford Lake, southern Ontario, Canada. In: Ch. Schluchter (ed). Moraines and Varves: Origin, Genesis, Classification. Proceedings of an INQUA Symposium on genesis and lithology of Quaternary deposits. ETH-Honggerberg, Zurich. 303-307. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews J.H. 1976. Fossil history of Man’s impact on the Canadian flora: an example from southern Ontario. Bulletin of the Canadian Botanical Association 9(1):1-6. (Full-text-PDF) [Summary diagram republished in three textbooks.]

Byrne, A.R. and J.H. McAndrews. 1975. Pre-Columbian purslane (Portulaca oleracea L) in the New World. Nature 253:726-727. (Full-text-PDF)

Finlayson, W.D., A.R. Byrne and J.H. McAndrews. 1973. Iroquoian settlement and subsistence patterns near Crawford Lake, Ontario. Bulletin of the Canadian Archaeological Association 5:134-136. (Full-text-PDF)

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Archaeology and Pollen Analysis (see also Crawford Lake)

Lee, G.-A, A.M. Davis, D.G. Smith and J.H. McAndrews. 2004. Identifying fossil wild rice (Zizania) pollen from Cootes Paradise, Ontario: a new approach using scanning electron microscopy. Journal of Archaeological Science 31:411-421. (Full-text -PDF)

Dibb, G.C. 2004. The Madina Phase: Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene occupation along the margins of the Simcoe Lowlands in south-central Ontario. Mercury Series, Archaeology Paper 165:117-160. (Full-text-PDF)

Adovasio, J.M., R.S. Laub, J.S. Illingworth, J.H. McAndrews and D.C. Hyland. 2003. Perishable technology from the Hiscock Site. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences 37:272-280. (Full-text-PDF)

Morgan, A.V., J.H. McAndrews and C. Ellis. 2000. Geological history and paleoenvironment. In: C. Ellis and D.B. Deller. (editors). An early paleoindian site near Parkhill, Ontario. Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey of Canada Paper 159. Canadian Museum of Civilization. Chapter 2, pages 9-30. (Full-text-PDF)

Jackson, L.J., C. Ellis, A.V. Morgan and J.H. McAndrews. 2000. Glacial Lake levels and eastern Great Lakes Palaeoindians. Geoarchaeology 15:415-440. (Full-text -PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 2000. Wild rice and upland vegetation history near Lake Mille Lacs, Minnesota. In: The Lake Onamia - Trunk Highway 169 Data Recovery Project, Mille Lacs County, Minnesota, by D. Mather and E. Abel. Loucks & Associates, Inc., Maple Grove. Report prepared for the Department of Transportation, St. Paul. 24 pages. [Wild rice has been in the lake for 3,000 years.]

McAndrews. J.H. 1997. Pollen analysis of a sediment core from a bog adjacent to the Fisher site. In: The Fisher Site: Archaeological, Geological, and Paleobotanical Studies at an Early Paleo-Indian Occupation Site in Southern Ontario. Memoirs of Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan No. 30, pages 295-297. (Full-text-PDF)

Campbell. C., I.D. Campbell, C.B. Blythe and J.H. McAndrews. 1994. Bison extermination may have caused aspen expansion in western Canada. Ecography 17:360-362. (Full-text-PDF)

Julig, P.J. and J.H. McAndrews. 1993. Paleo-Indian cultures in the Great Lakes region of North America: paleoclimatic, geomorphic, and stratigraphic context. L'Anthropologie 97:623-650. (Full-text-PDF) [In French.]

Gordon, D.L. and J.H. McAndrews. 1992. Field testing a model of paleohydrology for prehistoric site prediction at Lake Temagami, northeastern Ontario. Annual Archaeological Reports, Ontario (new series) 3:80-86. (Full-text-PDF)

Julig, P.J., J.H. McAndrews, and W.C. Mahaney. 1990. Geoarchaeology of the Cummins site on the beach of proglacial Lake Minong, Lake Superior Basin, Canada. In N.P. Laska and J. Donahue (eds.), Archaeological Geology of North America. Geological Society of America, Centennial Special Volume 4:21-50. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. and R.D. Fecteau. 1989. Archaeobotany of the Kitwanga Fort project. In: MacDonald, G.F., Kitwanga Fort Report. Canadian Museum of Civilization Mercury Series. pp. A29-40. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. and L.J. Jackson. 1988. Age and environment of Late Pleistocene mastodont and mammoth in southern Ontario. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences 33:161-172. (Full-text-PDF) [Distribution map of fossil bones.]

Davis, A.M., J.H. McAndrews and B.L. Wallace. 1988. Palaeoenvironment and the archaeological record at the L'Anse aux Meadows site, Newfoundland. Geoarchaeology 3:53-64. (Full-text-PDF)

Fecteau, R.D. and J.H. McAndrews. 1988. Archaeobotanical remains from the Foxie Otter Site. In: C.C. Hanks (Ed.). The Foxie Otter Site: A multicomponent occupation north of Lake Huron. Anthropological Papers No. 79, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan. pp. 85-93. (Full-text-PDF)

Roberts, A., J.H. McAndrews, V.K. Prest and J.S. Vincent. 1987. The fluted point people, 9500 8200 BC. In: R.C. Harris and G.J. Matthews (Eds.). Historical Atlas of Canada. Vol. 1, Pl. 2. University of Toronto Press.

Roberts, A. and J.H. McAndrews. 1987. Southern Ontario, 8600 BC. In: R.C. Harris and G.J. Matthews (Eds.). Historical Atlas of Canada. Vol. 1, Pl. 3. University of Toronto Press.

Burden, E.T., J.H. McAndrews and G. Norris. 1986. Palynology of Indian and European forest clearance and farming in lake sediment cores from Awenda Provincial Park, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23:43-54. (Full-text-PDF)

Julig, P.J., J.H. McAndrews and W.C. Mahaney. 1986. Geoarchaeological investigations at the Cummins Paleoindian site, Thunder Bay, Ontario. Current Research in the Pleistocene 3:79-80. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 1986. 12,000 years of change - and it's not done yet. Thunder Bay Field Naturalists' Newsletter 40(1):2-7. (Full-text-PDF)

Burden, E.T., G. Norris and J.H. McAndrews. 1986. Geochemical indicators in lake sediment of upland erosion caused by Indian and European farming, Awenda Provincial Park, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23:55-65. (Full-text-PDF)

Roberts, A. 1985. Preceramic occupations along the north shore of Lake Ontario. Archaeology Survey of Canada, Mercury Series, National Museum, Ottawa. pp. 227. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 1984. Late Quaternary vegetation history of Rice Lake, Ontario, and the McIntyre archaeological site. Archaeological Survey of Canada Paper. No. 26. pp. 161-189. (Full-text-PDF) [Wild rice appeared after low-water interval ended 3,500 years ago. The site people had access to the rice for a brief interval at this time].

Julig, P.J. 1984. Cummins paleo-indian site and its paleoenvironment, Thunder Bay, Canada. Archaeology of Eastern North America 12:192-209. (Full-text-PDF)

Mulstein, M. 1979. Palynological analysis of materials from the Draper and White sites. In: B. Hayden (ed.). Settlement patterns of the Draper and White sites: 1973 excavations. Publication No. 6. Simon Frazer.

Samson, G. 1978. Preliminary cultural sequence and palaeo-environmental reconstruction of the Indian House Region, Nouveau-Quebec. Arctic Anthropology XV(2):186-205. (Abstract and Pollen Diagram)

McAndrews, J.H. 1969. Paleobotany of a wild rice lake in Minnesota. Canadian Journal of Botany 47:1671-1679. (Full-text-PDF) [Wild rice appeared after climate cooled and water freshened 3,000 years ago.]

McAndrews, J.H. and D.A. Larson. 1966. Pollen analysis of Eagle Cave. In: A preliminary study of the paleoecology of the Amistad Reservoir area. Story, D.A. and V.M. Bryant, Jr. (assemblers). Final Report of Research under the Auspices of the National Science Foundation (GS-667), pp. 179-184. (Full-text-PDF) [Cat-tail pollen.]

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Neotropical Pollen Analysis

Ramcharan, E. K. 2005. Late Holocene ecological development of the Graeme Hall Swamp, Barbados, West Indies. Caribbean Journal of Science 41:147-150. (Full-text-PDF)

Ramcharan, E.K. and J.H. McAndrews. 2006. Holocene development of coastal wetland at Maracas Bay, Trinidad, West Indies. Coastal Research 22:581-586. (Full-text-PDF).

Ramcharan, E.K. 2004. Mid-to-late Holocene sea level influence on coastal wetland development in Trinidad. Quaternary International 120:145-151. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. and E.K. Ramcharan. 2003. Holocene pollen diagram from Lake Antoine, Grenada. XV1 INQUA Congress Programs with Abstracts. p 122. (Abstract) [Lake succeeded marsh 14,000 years ago.]

McAndrews, J.H. 1996. Habitat history at Levera National Park, Grenada. Rotunda 28(4):41-42. (Full-text-PDF) [Mangrove swamp formed with stabilization of sea level 3,000 years ago.]

McAndrews, J.H. 1996. Pollen analysis on Grenada, West Indies. Palynology 20:247. (Abstract) [Lake Grand Etang and Lake Antoine.]

Barbour, K. and J.H. McAndrews. 1995. Grenada, the spice of tropical life. Rotunda 28(2):24-33. (Full-text-PDF)

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Interglacial and Glacial Pollen Analysis

Haas, J.N., A. Heiss, J.H. McAndrews and P.F. Karrow. 2003. The changing flora of the Fernbank interglacial site near Ithaca, New York. XV1 INQUA Congress Programs with Abstracts. p 165. (Abstract) [Pollen shows succession from interglacial deciduous forest to early glacial boreal forest.]

Karrow, P.F., J.H. McAndrews, B.B. Miller, A.V. Morgan, K.L. Seymour and O.L. White. 2001. Illinoisian to Late Wisconsinan stratigraphy at Woodbridge, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38:921-942. (Full-text-PDF) [As for the fossil pollen, much made of few.]

Westgate, J.A., P.H. von Bitter, N. Eyles, J.H. McAndrews, V. Timmer and K.W.F. Howard. 1999. Physical setting: a story of changing environments through time. In: B.I. Roots (ed.). Special Places: The Past, Present, and Future of the Ecosystems of the Toronto Region. Royal Canadian Institute. Univ. British Columbia Press. pages 10-31. (Full-text-PDF) [Pollen diagrams with climate interpretations from the Don Brickyard section and Wilcox Lake.]

McAndrews, J.H. 1984. January Cave: palynology. In: L.E. Jackson, Jr. (Ed.). Field Excursion No. 1. Sixth International Palynological Conference, Calgary. pp. 46-49. (Full-text-PDF) [Mid-Wisconsin glacial deposit contains tundra pollen, which was probably transported by owls carrying small mammal prey.]

Brookes, I.A., J.H. McAndrews and P.H. von Bitter. 1982. Quaternary interglacial and associated deposits in southwest Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 19:410-423. (Full-text-PDF) [Sinkhole fill.]

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Full and Late Glacial Pollen Analysis

Karrow, P.F., T.F. Morris, J.H. McAndrews, A.V. Morgan, A.J. Smith and I.R. Walker. 2007. A diverse late-glacial (Mackinaw Phase) biota from Leamington, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44: 287-296. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. Postglacial ecology of the Hiscock Site. 2003. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences 37:190-198. (Full-text-PDF)

Jackson, L.J., C. Ellis, A.V. Morgan and J.H. McAndrews. 2000. Glacial Lake levels and eastern Great Lakes Palaeoindians. Geoarchaeology 15:415-440. (Full-text -PDF)

Laub, R.S. and J.H. McAndrews. 1999. Beaver (Castor canadensis) and mastodon (Mammut americanum) in a late-Pleistocene upland spruce forest, western New York state. Current Research in the Pleistocene 16:139-140. (Full-text-PDF) [Beaver-chewed ash logs and beaver-dug canals.]

Laub, R.S. and J.H. McAndrews. 1997. Pleistocene giant beaver (Castoroides ohioensis) from the Hiscock Site, western New York. Current Research in the Pleistocene 14:143-145. (Full-text-PDF) [Fossil pollen grains from museum specimen link tooth to Hiscock Site.]

Morris, T.F., J.H. McAndrews and K. Seymour. 1994. Glacial Lake Arkona-Whittlesey transition in southern Ontario: geology, plant macrofossils, and fossil muskox at the Bondi Site. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30:2436-2447. (Full-text-PDF)

Fritz, P., A.V. Morgan, U. Eicher and J.H. McAndrews. 1987. Stable isotope, fossil Coleoptera and pollen stratigraphy in late Quaternary sediments from Ontario and New York State. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoecology 58:183-202. (Full-text-PDF)

Calkin, P.E. and J.H. McAndrews. 1980. Geology and paleontology of two late Wisconsin sites in western New York State. Geological Society of America Bulletin 91:295-306. (Full-text-PDF) [Date for Glacial Lake Whittlesey.]

Farnham, R.S., J.H. McAndrews and H.E. Wright, Jr. 1964. A Late-Wisconsin buried soil near Aitkin, Minnesota, and its paleobotanical setting. American Journal of Science 262:393-412. (Full-text-PDF)

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Holocene Pollen Analysis

McAndrews, J.H. 2006. Gunnar Erdtman’s last pollen diagram: location, location, location. Canadian Association of Palynologists 29(1):8-9. (Full-text-PDF)

McCarthy, F.M.G., McAndrews, J.H., Blasco, S.M., and Tiffin, S.H. 2007. Spatially discontinuous modern sedimentation in Georgian Bay, Huron Basin, Great Lakes. Journal of Paleolimnology 37: 453-470. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 2000. Wild rice and upland vegetation history near Lake Mille Lacs, Minnesota. In The Lake Onamia - Trunk Highway 169 Data Recovery Project, Mille Lacs County, Minnesota, by D. Mather and E. Abel. Loucks & Associates, Inc., Maple Grove. Report prepared for the Department of Transportation, St. Paul. 24 pages. [Pollen diagram back to 9,000 years ago.]

Haas, J.N. and J.H. McAndrews. 2000. The summer drought related hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) decline in Eastern North America 5700 to 5100 years ago. In: McManus, K. et al. (eds.): Proceedings: Symposium on Sustainable Management of Hemlock Ecosystems in Eastern North America, June 22-24, 1999, Durham, New Hampshire. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, General Technical Report NE-267: 81-88. McManus, K. et al. (eds.): Proceedings: Symposium on Sustainable Management of Hemlock Ecosystems in Eastern North America, June 22-24, 1999, Durham, New Hampshire. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, General Technical Report NE-267: 81-88. [Pollen diagram from Wilcox Lake and mean annual precipitation from transfer function.] (Full-text –PDF)

St. Jacques, J.M., M.S.V. Douglas and J.H. McAndrews. 2000. Mid-Holocene hemlock decline and diatom communities in van Nostrand Lake, Ontario, Canada . Journal of Paleolimnology 23:385-397. (Full-text -PDF)

Campbell, I.D., W.M. Last, C. Campbell, S. Clare and J.H. McAndrews. 2000. The late-Holocene paleohydrology of Pine Lake, Alberta: a comparison of proxy types. Journal of Paleolimnology 24:427-441. (Full-text -PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 1999. Special Places - Humber Valley. In: B.I. Roots (ed.). Chapter 16. Special Places: The Past, Present, and Future of the Ecosystems of the Toronto Region. Royal Canadian Institute. Univ. British Columbia Press. pages 278-282. (Full-text-PDF) [Sinuocity of river inherited from Nipissing transgression in Lake Ontario. Stratigraphic evidence for two hurricanes.]

Yu, Z., J.H. McAndrews and D. Siddiqi. 1996. Influences of Holocene climate and water levels on vegetation dynamics of a lakeside wetland. Canadian Journal of Botany 74:1602-1615. (Full-text-PDF) [Mid-Holocene low level of Rice Lake, Ontario.]

McCarthy, F.M.G., E.S. Collins, J.H. McAndrews, H.A. Kerr, D.B. Scott and F.S. Medioli. 1995. A comparison of postglacial arcellaceans ("thecamoebian") and pollen succession in Atlantic Canada, illustrating the potential of arcellaceans for paleoclimatic reconstruction. Journal of Paleontology 69:980-989. (Full-text-PDF)

Pippert, R.G., G.R. Brown and W.A. Morris. 1995. Palaeomagnetic chronostratigraphy of Holocene sediments, Niagara basin, Lake Ontario, Canada. Journal of Quaternary Science 11:217-232. (Full-text-PDF) [Pollen zones aid chronology.]

Campbell. C., I.D. Campbell, C.B. Blythe and J.H. McAndrews. 1994. Bison extirpation may have caused aspen expansion in western Canada. Ecography 17:360-362. (Full-text-PDF)

Yu, Z. and J.H. McAndrews. 1994. Holocene water levels at Rice Lake, Ontario, Canada: sediment, pollen and plant macrofossil evidence. The Holocene 4:141-152. (Full-text-PDF) [Low water 6,000 to 3,500 years ago.]

McAndrews, J.H. and I.D. Campbell. 1993. 6ka mean July temperature in eastern Canada from Bartlein and Webb's (1985) pollen transfer functions: comments and illustrations. In: A. Telka, compiler. Proxy Climate Data and Models of the Six Thousand Years Before Present Time Interval: The Canadian Perspective. Canadian Global Change Program, Incidental Report Series No. IR93-3. pp. 22-25. (Full-text-PDF)

Almendinger, J.C. 1992. The late Holocene history of prairie, brush-prairie, and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forest on outwash plains, north-central Minnesota, USA. The Holocene 2:37-50. (Full-text-PDF)

Chittenden, R. 1990. The origin of Wye Marsh. Wye Marsh Wildlife Centre, Midland, Ontario. 50 pp. (Part-text-PDF)

Julig, P.J., J.H. McAndrews and W.C. Mahaney. 1990. Geoarchaeology of the Cummins site on the beach of proglacial Lake Minong, Lake Superior Basin, Canada. In: N.P. Laska and J. Donahue (eds.), Archaeological Geology of North America. Geological Society of America, Centennial Special Volume 4:21-50. (Full-text-PDF)

Cwynar, L.C. 1990. A late Quaternary vegetation history from Lily Lake, Chilkat Peninsula, southeast Alaska. Canadian Journal of Botany 68:1106-1112. (Full-text-PDF)

Gordon, D. 1990. Prehistoric occupations at Lake Temagami. In: M. Bray and A. Thomson (Eds.). Temagami: A debate on wilderness. Pages 154-183. Institute for Northern Ontario Research and Development, Laurentian University. (Summary and Pollen Diagram)

Weninger, J.M. and J.H. McAndrews. 1989. Late Holocene sedimentation in the lower Humber River Valley, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26:1842-1849. (Full-text-PDF)

Edwards, T.W.D. and J.H. McAndrews. 1989. Paleohydrology of a Canadian Shield lake inferred from ¹⁸0 in sediment cellulose. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26:1850-1859. (Full-text-PDF)

Lewis, C.F.M. and T.W. Anderson. 1989. Oscillations of levels and cool phases of the Laurentian Great Lakes caused by inflows from glacial Lakes Agassiz and Barlow-Ojibway. Journal of Paleolimnology 2:99-146. (Abstract and Pollen Diagram)

McAndrews, J.H. and L.J. Jackson. 1988. Age and environment of Late Pleistocene mastodont and mammoth in southern Ontario. In: R.S. Laub, N.G. Miller and D.W. Steadman (Eds.). Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Paleoecology and Archeology of the Eastern Great Lakes Region. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences 33:161-172. (Full-text-PDF)

Davis, A.M., J.H. McAndrews and B.L. Wallace. 1988. Palaeoenvironment and the archaeological record at the L'Anse aux Meadows site, Newfoundland. Geoarchaeology 3:53-64. (Full-text-PDF) [Late Holocene.]

McCarthy, F.M.G. and J.H. McAndrews. 1988. Water levels in Lake Ontario 4,230-2,000 years B.P.: evidence from Grenadier Pond, Toronto, Canada. Journal of Paleolimnology 1:99-113. (Full-text-PDF) [Lake Ontario rose 13 m.]

McKee, P.M., W.J. Snodgrass, D.R. Hart and J.H. McAndrews. 1987. Sedimentation rates and sediment core profiles of 238U and 232Th decay chain radionuclides in a lake affected by uranium mining and milling. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44:390-398. (Full-text-PDF) [Pine to birch succession after historic fire.]

McAndrews, J.H. 1986. 12,000 years of change - and it's not done yet. Thunder Bay Field Naturalists' Newsletter 40(1):2-7. (Full-text-PDF)

Brookes, I.A., D.B. Scott and J.H. McAndrews. 1985. Postglacial relative sea level change, Port au Port area, west Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22:1039-1047. (Full-text-PDF) [Microfossils show marine transgression.]

Slater, D.S. 1985. Pollen analysis of postglacial sediments from Eildun Lake, District of Mackenzie, N.W.T., Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22:666-674. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 1984. Pollen analysis of the 1973 ice core from Devon Island ice cap, Canada. Quaternary Research 22:68-76. (Full-text-PDF) [First pollen diagram from a glacier.]

McAndrews, J.H., J.L. Riley and A.M. Davis. 1982. Vegetation history of the Hudson Bay Lowland: a postglacial pollen diagram from the Sutton Ridge. Naturaliste canadien 109:597-608. (Full-text-PDF) [Pollen diagram since 9,000 years ago when the lake rose out of the sea.]

McAndrews, J.H. 1982. Holocene environment of a fossil bison from Kenora, Ontario. Ontario Archaeology 37:41-51. (Full-text-PDF) [Lonely bison lived 3,400 years ago.]

McAndrews, J.H. 1981. Pollen diagram from Robinsons Gully. In: Brookes, I.A. Guidebook for excursion G., Canadian Association of Geographers Annual Meeting, Cornerbrook, Newfoundland. pp. 29-30. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 1981. Late Quaternary climate of Ontario: temperature trends from the fossil pollen record. In: W.C. Mahaney (Ed.). Quaternary Paleoclimate. Geo Abstracts. pp. 319-333. (Full-text-PDF) [Much cited because of the title.]

McAndrews, J.H. and G. Samson. 1977. Analyse pollinique et implications archeologiques et geomorphologiques, Lac de la Hutte Sauvage (Mushuau Nipi), Nouveau Quebec. Geographie physique et Quaternaire 31:177-183. (Full-text-PDF)

Cwynar, L.C. 1977. Recent history of fire and vegetation from laminated sediment of Greenleaf Lake, Algonquin Park, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany 56: 10-21. [Pioneering study of charcoal.] (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. and J.E. King. 1976. Pollen of the North American Quaternary: the top twenty. Geoscience and Man 15:41-49. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 1973. Pollen analysis of the sediments of the Great Lakes of North America. Palynology: Holocene and Marine Palynology. Nauka, Moscow. pp. 76-79. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 1972. Pollen analysis of the sediments of Lake Ontario. Proceedings of the 24th Geological Congress 8:223-227. (Full-text-PDF) [First pollen diagram from a Great Lake.]

McAndrews, J.H. 1969. Pollen evidence for the prehistoric development of the "Big Woods" in Minnesota, U.S.A. Review Palaeobotany and Palynology 7:201-211. (Full-text -PDF) [Little Ice Age cooling caused succession from dry oak forest to mesic maple-basswood forest.]

McAndrews, J.H. 1969. Paleobotany of a wild rice lake in Minnesota. Canadian Journal of Botany 47:1671-1679. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 1967. Paleoecology of the Seminary and Mirror Pool peat deposits. In: Mayer Oakes, W. (Ed.), Land, Life and Water. University of Manitoba Press, Winnipeg. pages 253-269. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 1967. Pollen analysis and vegetational history of the Itasca region, Minnesota. In: Cushing, E.J. and H.E. Wright (Eds.) Quaternary Paleoecology. Yale University Press, New Haven. pp. 219-236. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 1966. Postglacial history of prairie, savanna and forest in northwestern Minnesota. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 22:1-72. (Full-text-PDF) [Abstracted for two textbooks.]

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Modern Pollen Rain

Webb, T., III and J.H. McAndrews. 1976. Corresponding patterns of contemporary pollen and vegetation in central North America. Geological Society of America Memoir 145:267-299. (Full-text-PDF) [Trend surface analysis.]

McAndrews, J.H. and D.M. Power. 1973. Palynology of the Great Lakes: the surface sediments of Lake Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 10:772-792. (Full-text-PDF) [Trend surface analysis.]

McAndrews, J.H. and H.E. Wright, Jr. 1969. Modern pollen rain across the Wyoming Basin and the northern Great Plains, U.S.A. Review Palaeobotany and Palynology 9:17-43. (Full-text -PDF)

Wright, H.E., Jr., J.H. McAndrews and W. van Zeist. 1967. Modern pollen rain in western Iran, and its relation to plant geography and Quaternary vegetational history. Journal of Ecology 55:415-443. (Full-text -PDF)

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Methods in Pollen Analysis

McAndrews, J.H. 1998. Palynological myths: monitoring contamination of fossil pollen preparations. Canadian Association of Palynology Newsletter 21(2):23. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 1994. Pollen diagrams for southern Ontario applied to archaeology. In MacDonald, R. (ed.). Great Lakes Archaeology and Paleoecology: Exploring Interdisciplinary Initiatives for the Nineties. Quaternary Sciences Institute, University of Waterloo. pages 179-196. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews. J.H. and Z. Yu. 1994. Random access computer keys (RACKs). INQUA Commission for the Study of the Holocene, Working Group on Data Handling Newsletter 11:10-12. (Full-text-PDF)

Campbell, I.D. and J.H. McAndrews. 1992. CANPLOT: a FORTRAN-77 program for plotting stratigraphic data on a PostScript device. Computers and Geoscience 18:309-335. (Full-text -PDF)

Campbell, I.D. and J.H. McAndrews. 1991. Cluster analysis of late Holocene pollen trends in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany 69:1719-1730. (Full-text-PDF)

Cwynar, L.C., E. Burden and J.H. McAndrews. 1979. An inexpensive sieving method for concentrating pollen and spores from fine grained sediments. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 16:1115-1120. (Full-text-PDF) [Advocates use of Nitex fabric for microsieving.]

Adams, R.J., G.C. Manville and J.H. McAndrews. 1978. Comparison of pollen collected by a honey bee colony with a modern wind dispersed pollen assemblage. Canadian Field Naturalist 92:359-368. (Full-text-PDF) [Photos of bee-collected pollen grains.]

McAndrews, J.H., A.A. Berti and G. Norris. 1973. Key to the Quaternary pollen and spores of the Great Lakes Region. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Miscellaneous Publication. 61 p. [A fifth printing (2005) is available for this golden oldie.]

McAndrews, J.H. and A.R. Swanson. 1967. The pore number of periporate pollen with special reference to Chenopodium. Review Palaeobotany and Palynology 3:105-117. (Full-text - PDF) [For correction and simplification see: Campbell, I.D. 1992. Formula and nomogram for estimating the number of regularly patterned elements on the surface of a spheroidal microfossil. Review Palaeobotany and Palynology 72:165-167. (Full-text-PDF)]

McAndrews, J.H. 1966. A preliminary key to some Texas pollen types. In: A preliminary study of the paleoecology of the Amistad Reservoir area. Story, D.A. and V.M. Bryant, Jr. (assemblers). Final Report of Research under the Auspices of the National Science Foundation (GS-667), pp. 111-128. (Full-text-PDF)

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Miscellaneous

SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology: Book Review. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. and J.Y. Chau. 2006. Fossil gizzard stones of passenger pigeon. Newsletter of the Ontario Field Ornithologists 24(1):14-15. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H., K.-B. Liu, G.C. Manville, V.K. Prest and J. S. Vincent. 1998. Environmental change after 9000 BC. In: W.G. Dean and G.J. Matthews (eds.). Concise Historical Atlas of Canada. Pl. 1. University of Toronto Press.

Stimec, J., C.D. Scott-Dupree and J.H. McAndrews. 1997. Honey bee pollen foraging in southern Ontario. Canadian Field Naturalist 111:454-456. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews. J.H. 1997. Pollen analysis of a sediment core from a bog adjacent to the Fisher site. In The Fisher Site: Archaeological, Geological, and Paleobotanical Studies at an Early Paleo-Indian Occupation Site in Southern Ontario. Memoirs of Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan No. 30, pages 295-297. (Full-text-PDF)

Johnson, M.G., S.E. George and L.R. Culp. 1990. Sediment core chronology and sedimentation in coastal basins of Georgian Bay. Journal of Great Lakes Research 16:3-10. (Full-text-PDF)

Irwin, T.E. 1989. Pollen percentage, concentration and influx to a mire hummock and hollow. Pollen et Spores 31:317-328. (Full-text-PDF)

Fritz, P., A.V. Morgan, U. Eicher and J.H. McAndrews. 1987. Stable isotope, fossil coleoptera and pollen stratigraphy in Late Quaternary sediments from Ontario and New York State. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 58:183-202. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. and G.C. Manville. 1987. Descriptions of ecological regions. In: R.C. Harris and G.J. Matthews (Eds.). Historical Atlas of Canada. Vol. 1, Pl. 17A. University of Toronto Press.

McAndrews, J.H. and G.C. Manville. 1987. Ecological regions, ca AD 1500. In: R.C. Harris and G.J. Matthews (Eds.). Historical Atlas of Canada. Vol. 1, Pl. 17. University of Toronto Press. (Web-Link)

McAndrews, J.H., K.B. Liu, G.C. Manville, V.K. Prest and J. S. Vincent. 1987. Environmental change after 9000 BC. In: R.C. Harris and G.J. Matthews (eds.). Historical Atlas of Canada. Vol. 1, Pl. 4. University of Toronto Press.

Roberts, A., J.H. McAndrews, V.K. Prest and J.S. Vincent. 1987. The fluted point people, 9500 8200 BC. In: R.C. Harris and G.J. Matthews (eds.). Historical Atlas of Canada. Vol. 1, Pl. 2. University of Toronto Press.

Roberts, A. and J.H. McAndrews. 1987. Southern Ontario, 8600 BC. In: R.C. Harris and G.J. Matthews (Eds.). Historical Atlas of Canada. Vol. 1, Pl. 3. University of Toronto Press.

Prest, V.K., J.S. Vincent and J.H. McAndrews. 1987. The last ice sheet, 18,000 10,000 BC. In: R.C. Harris and G.J. Matthews (Eds.). Historical Atlas of Canada. Vol. l, Pl. l. University of Toronto Press.

McAndrews, J.H. 1986. Jumbo and other Ontario elephants. Royal Ontario Museum Archaeological Newsletter 2(16):1-4. (Full-text-PDF)

Schafer, C.T., F.C. Tan, D.F. Williams and J.N. Smith. 1985. Late glacial to recent stratigraphy, paleontology, and sedimentary processes: Newfoundland continental slope and rise. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22:266-282. (Full-text-PDF)

Warwick, W.F. 1980. Palaeolimnology of the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario: 2800 years of cultural influence. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 206:1-117. (Abstract and Pollen Diagram)

Cwynar, L.C. 1977. The recent fire history of Barron Township, Algonquin Park. Canadian Journal of Botany 55:1524-1538. (Full-text-PDF)

Adams, R.J. 1976. The dust of life: pollen in close-up. Rotunda 9(2):30-35. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 1975. Sedimentary record of forest fires. In: J.S. Rowe, D. Spittlehouse, E. Johnson, M. Jasieniuk (Eds.). Fire studies in the Upper Mackenzie Valley and adjacent Precambrian uplands. ALUR 74-75. pp. 79-81. Report under contract for the Arctic Land Use Research Program, Northern Economic Development Branch. University of Saskatchewan. (Part-text-PDF)

Ramcharan, E.K., J.H. McAndrews and J.W. Grear. 1973. Pollen morphology of Rhyncosia and Eriosema (Fabaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 51:2395-2399. (Full-text-PDF)

Saarnisto, M. and F. Huhn. 1972. Trend surface analysis of a raised shoreline of Lake Saimaa, Finland. Commentationes Physico-Mathematicae 42:1-9. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 1970. Fossil pollen and our changing landscape and climate. Rotunda 3(2):30-37. (Full-text-PDF)

McAndrews, J.H. 1970. Grains of time. Ecology 51(6):1111-1112. (Full-text-PDF)

Norris, G. and J.H. McAndrews. 1970. Dinoflagellate cysts from postglacial lake muds. Review Palaeobotany and Palynology 10:131-156. (Full-text -PDF)

McAndrews, J.H., R.E.Stewart, Jr. and R.C. Bright. 1967. Paleoecology of a prairie pothole: a preliminary report. In: Clayton, L. and Freers, T.F. (Eds.), North Dakota Geological Survey, Misc. Ser. 30. pp. 101-113.test (Full-text-PDF)

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Revised: 22 May 2012